United States v. Joseph Olson, et al. (546 U.S. 43)

U.S. Supreme Court · decided November 8, 2005 · Supreme Court Database (Spaeth)

Citation
546 U.S. 43 · 126 S. Ct. 510
Decided
November 8, 2005
Term
October Term 2005
Vote
9–0
Majority author
Justice Breyer
Issue area
Economic Activity
Disposition
Vacated and remanded
Outcome
Petitioning party won
Ideological direction
Conservative

Opinion excerpt

Justice Breyer delivered the opinion of the Court. The Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA or Act) authorizes private tort actions against the United States “under circumstances where the United States, if a private person, would be liable to the claimant in accordance with the law of the place where the act or omission occurred.” 28 U. S. C. § 1346(b)(1). We here interpret these words to mean what they say, namely, that the United States waives sovereign immunity “under circumstances” where local law would make a “private person” liable in tort. (Emphasis added.) And we reverse a line of Ninth Circuit precedent permitting courts in certain circumstances to base a waiver simply upon a finding that local law would make a “state or municipal entit[y]” liable. See, e. g., Hines v. United States, 60 F. 3d 1442, 1448 (1995); Cimo v. INS, 16 F. 3d 1039, 1041 (1994); Cameron v. Janssen Bros. Nurseries, Ltd., 7 F. 3d 821, 825 (1993); Aguilar v. United States, 920 F. 2d 1475,1477 (1990); Doggett v. United States, 875 F. 2d 684, 689 (1989). I In this case, two injured mine workers (and a spouse) have sued the United States claiming that the negligence of federal mine inspectors helped bring about a serious accident at an Arizona mine. The Federal District Court dismissed the lawsuit- in part upon the ground that their allegations were insufficient to show that Arizona law would impose…

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