Sessions, Att'y Gen. v. Morales-santana

U.S. Supreme Court · decided June 12, 2017 · Supreme Court Database (Spaeth)

Decided
June 12, 2017
Term
October Term 2016
Vote
8–0
Majority author
Justice Ginsburg
Issue area
Civil Rights
Disposition
Affirmed and reversed (or vacated) in part and remanded
Outcome
Petitioning party won
Ideological direction
Liberal
Constitutional ruling
Federal law held unconstitutional

Opinion excerpt

Justice GINSBURG delivered the opinion of the Court. This case concerns a gender-based differential in the law governing acquisition of U.S. citizenship by a child born abroad, when one parent is a U.S. citizen, the other, a citizen of another nation. The main rule appears in 8 U.S.C. § 1401(a)(7) (1958 ed.), now § 1401(g) (2012 ed.). Applicable to married couples, § 1401(a)(7) requires a period of physical presence in the United States for the U.S.-citizen parent. The requirement, as initially prescribed, was ten years' physical presence prior to the child's birth, § 601(g) (1940 ed.); currently, the requirement is five years prebirth, § 1401(g) (2012 ed.). That main rule is rendered applicable to unwed U.S.-citizen fathers by § 1409(a). Congress ordered an exception, however, for unwed U.S.-citizen mothers. Contained in § 1409(c), the exception allows an unwed mother to transmit her citizenship to a child born abroad if she has lived in the United States for just one year prior to the child's birth. The respondent in this case, Luis Ramón Morales-Santana, was born in the Dominican Republic when his father was just 20 days short of meeting § 1401(a)(7)'s physical-presence requirement. Opposing removal to the Dominican Republic, Morales-Santana asserts that the equal protection principle implicit in the Fifth Amendment entitles him to citizenship stature. We hold that the…

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