North Haven Board of Education et al. v. Bell, Secretary of Education, et al. (456 U.S. 512)
U.S. Supreme Court · decided May 17, 1982 · Supreme Court Database (Spaeth)
- Citation
- 456 U.S. 512 · 102 S. Ct. 1912
- Decided
- May 17, 1982
- Term
- October Term 1981
- Vote
- 6–3
- Majority author
- Justice Blackmun
- Issue area
- Civil Rights
- Disposition
- Affirmed
- Outcome
- Petitioning party lost
- Ideological direction
- Liberal
Opinion excerpt
Justice Blackmun delivered the opinion of the Court. At issue here is the validity of regulations promulgated by the Department of Education pursuant to Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, Pub. L. 92-318, 86 Stat. 373, as amended, 20 U. S. C. § 1681 et seq. These regulations prohibit federally funded education programs from discriminating on the basis of gender with respect to employment. I Title IX proscribes gender discrimination in education programs or activities receiving federal financial assistance. Patterned after Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Pub. L. 88-352, 78 Stat. 252, 42 U. S. C. § 2000d et seq. (1976 ed. and Supp. IV), Title IX, as amended, contains two core provisions. The first is a “program-specific” prohibition of gender discrimination: “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance . . . .” § 901(a), 20 U. S. C. § 1681(a). Nine statutory exceptions to § 901(a)’s coverage follow. See §§901(a)(1)-(9). The second core provision relates to enforcement. Section 902, 20 U. S. C. § 1682, authorizes each agency awarding federal financial assistance to any education program to promulgate regulations ensuring that aid recipients adhere to § 901(a)’s mandate.…
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