City and County of San Francisco v. Environmental Protection Agency
U.S. Supreme Court · decided March 4, 2025 · Supreme Court Database (Spaeth)
- Decided
- March 4, 2025
- Term
- October Term 2024
- Vote
- 5–4
- Majority author
- Justice Alito
- Issue area
- Economic Activity
- Disposition
- Reversed and remanded
- Outcome
- Petitioning party won
- Ideological direction
- Conservative
Opinion excerpt
(Slip Opinion) OCTOBER TERM, 2024 1 Syllabus NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337 . SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Syllabus CITY AND COUNTY OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA v. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT No. 23–753. Argued October 16, 2024—Decided March 4, 2025 Under the Clean Water Act (CWA), 33 U. S. C. §1151 et seq., the Envi- ronmental Protection Agency (EPA) and authorized state agencies is- sue permits that impose requirements on entities that wish to dis- charge “pollutants” into the waters of the United States. A critical component of the CWA regulatory scheme is the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), which makes it unlawful to discharge pollutants into covered bodies of water unless authorized by permit. EPA v. California ex rel. State Water Resources Control Bd., 426 U. S. 200, 205 . These permits typically include “effluent limita- tions” on discharges that restrict the “quantities, rates, and concentra- tions of chemical, physical, biological,…
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